KIET-LMS

Unit 1

Programming Fundamentals & C Basics

Evolution of programming languages: Why C still matters. Introduction to algorithm and flowchart. Structure of a C program, compilation process, and debugging overview. Tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, variables. Data types and type conversions. Operators: arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, bitwise. Basic I/O functions: printf(), scanf(). Conditional statements: if, if-else, nested if, switch-case.

Unit 2

Control Flow & Modular Programming

Looping constructs: while, do-while, for, nested loops. Introduction to functions: definition, declaration, call, return. Parameter passing: call by value. Overview of storage classes (auto, static, register, extern).

Unit 3

Arrays, Strings & Functions

Arrays: one-dimensional and two-dimensional. Array operations: search, insert, delete, basic sorting (bubble/sorting). Matrix operations: insertion, addition, transpose, multiplication. Strings: declaration, initialization, input/output. String handling functions (strlen, strcpy, strcmp, strcat, etc.). Functions handling arrays and strings.

Unit 4

Pointers & Memory Management

Basics of memory addressing and pointers. Pointer arithmetic. Pointers with functions. Arrays and pointers, strings and pointers. Function calls: call by reference, call by pointer.

Unit 5

Structures, Practical Applications

Structures and nested structures. Arrays of structures. Introduction to union and comparison with struct. Dynamic memory allocation: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free().